What happened, in summary

A 62-year-old man with Stage III squamous cell lung cancer received 2 cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and achieved a partial response. He underwent removal of the right middle and lower lung lobes and later received postoperative adjuvant treatment. Two days after the first adjuvant cycle, he developed shortness of breath, cough and fever. CT imaging showed a bronchopleural fistula at the bronchial stump. About a week of anti-infective treatment substantially improved his symptoms, and later imaging showed that the fistula had resolved. He continued regular CT surveillance every 3 months without maintenance cancer treatment. No lung-cancer recurrence was seen during the follow-up described.